Problems creating vm alpine, with cloud-init password

The error is only with the alpine / 3.13 / cloud image.
Well my question was not answered and I end up solving an image problem.

Going back to your initial question, there are some things that might have caused issues.
First, your config doesn’t appear to have security.secureboot=false which is necessary as Alpine Linux doesn’t support secureboot.
Second, Alpine Linux doesn’t have /bin/bash so that will fail. Instead, you need to use /bin/sh.
Third, you need to set the user.user-data config before starting the VM for the first time. You can do this by running

lxc init images:alpine/3.13/cloud v1 --vm -c security.secureboot=false
lxc config edit v1
lxc start v1