Can not use sudo command in the container

    /dev/sda / ext4 rw,nosuid,nodev,relatime,stripe=8191,data=ordered 0 0

So your container is indeed mounted as both nosuid and nodev which are both going to be a bit of a problem.

This looks like a dir storage pool, so you’ll need to make sure that the source of that storage pool isn’t itself nosuid or nodev.