Cannot launch centos7 images using a jammy host

You can’t run CentOS7 or Ubuntu 16.04 or a bunch of older distros on stock Ubuntu 22.04. That’s because of the switch to cgroup2.

Reboot your host in cgroup1 mode and things will behave.

The problem is far more than just the missing network address, your entire systemd is crashed at this stage so no unit will start at all.