You can specify the vlan property on a macvlan device, this will create a VLAN interface on the host’s parent device (if not already existing), and then create a macvlan interface ontop of that to pass into the container. You could add all of these different VLANs as separate macvlan devices with different vlan values set and these would then be passed into the container as separate interfaces.
You could also potentially use a separate bridge interface that is connected your external trunk port, and then use a bridged NIC with the tagged vlans set in vlan.tagged property, I believe you could then create the vlan interfaces ontop of bridged NIC device inside the container.
See