Welcome!
Have a look at this discussion, Binfmt_misc: permission denied in unprivileged container
It says that the mounting of binfmt_misc inside unprivileged containers is a new kernel feature in Linux 6.7 and newer. Therefore, your version of the Linux kernel in Ubuntu 22.04 needs to be updated.
You can use the Hardware Enablement (HWE) in Ubuntu 22.04 to update the Linux kernel, and by doing so you will get Linux 6.8, Ubuntu kernel lifecycle and enablement stack | Ubuntu