After you have configured your Ceph cluster you need to make Incus aware about the new storage. It requires to add a new Ceph pool to incus How to manage storage pools - Incus documentation and edit your default profile to use the new storage on default.
There is no automation to do this except you install Incus from scratch after you setup your Ceph storage.
Yes, you need to install Ceph, create OSD’s and a pool by your own.
Depending on your OS you should follow instructions how to do this. On a quick search this youtube video should get you started https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kVLGbvRU98A. Although it is older and for LXD the same applies to Incus.