Nope, it would normally issue it immediately, no need for restart.
Maybe try clearing the config, then run incus monitor --pretty in a terminal while putting the config back in place from another. That may show you some useful error messages.
INFO [2024-12-09T18:47:12Z] Issuing certificate caURL= domain=sub.domain.tld
INFO [2024-12-09T18:47:13Z] http: TLS handshake error from 127.0.0.1:52208: client sent an HTTP request to an HTTPS server
WARNING[2024-12-09T18:47:16Z] Failed to obtain certificate, retrying in 10 seconds caURL= domain=sub.domain.tld err="error: one or more domains had a problem:\n[sub.domain.tld] acme: error: 403 :: urn:ietf:params:acme:error:unauthorized :: 188.188.188.188: Invalid response from http://sub.domain.tld/.well-known/acme-challenge/JuXEKjOwraE01Cr2wON6EmmeP74xZg2F74chGQdwLjw: 400\n"
When I open the “.well-known/acme-challenge” URL in the browser I get
“Client sent an HTTP request to an HTTPS server.” but it should accept HTTP connection, right?
Incus only does HTTPS, to have ACME domain validation work properly, you need to have a reverse proxy of some kind handle HTTP traffic and at minimum send a 302 type redirect to the HTTPS address.